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从白星花金龟中提取甲壳素的工艺研究(1)
http://www.100md.com 2018年4月15日 《世界中医药》 20188
     摘要目的:探讨从白星花金龟中提取甲壳素的最佳制备工艺。方法:选取白星花金龟的成虫为原料,采用强酸强碱对成虫粉进行脱除无机盐和蛋白质处理,再脱色后得到甲壳素,用干法灰分法和紫外吸收法分别测定提取物中残余的无机盐和蛋白质。结果:用15 g/L柠檬酸溶液在室温下按料液比1∶10浸泡白星花金龟成虫粉26 h,脱无机盐效果较好;用10%氢氧化钠溶液按料液比为1∶10在80 ℃水浴条件下处理提取物45 h,脱蛋白质的效果较好;用10%H2O2溶液按料液比为1∶12在60 ℃水浴浸泡3 h脱色,可制得白色粉状甲壳素,得率为283%。结论:该提取工艺简便可行,获得的甲壳素得率高,性状良好,残余蛋白质和灰分含量较低。

    关键词白星花金龟;甲壳素;脱除无机盐;脱除;蛋白质

    Study on the Extraction of Chitin from Protaetia Brevitarsis Lewis

    Li Xiaowan, Wang Pingli

    (Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational and Technical College Biological Technology Branch, Changji 831100, China)

    AbstractObjective:To study the best preparation process of chitin extraction from protaetia brevitarsis, Lewis. Methods:The adult larvae of the white star flower are used as raw materials, and the adult powder and protein are removed by strong acids and alkalis. The chitin is obtained after decolorization. The residual inorganic salts and protein in the extract are determined by dry ash method and ultraviolet absorption method. Results:15 g/L citric acid solution was used to soak adult protaetia brevitarsis, Lewis powder at a ratio of 1∶10 at room temperature for 26 h, and the effect of removing inorganic salts was better; 10% NaOH solution was used to the ratio of material to liquid was 1∶10, and the extract was processed at 80 ℃ water bath for 45 h. The effect of deproteinization was better. The white powdery chitin was obtained by using 10% H2O2 solution at a ratio of 1∶12 in a water bath at 60 ℃ for 3 h. The yield rate was 283%. Conclusion:The extraction process is simple and feasible, and the obtained chitin has high yield, good traits and low residual protein and ash content.

    Key WordsProtaetia brevitarsis Lewis; Chitin; Removal of inorganic salts; Removal of protein

    中圖分类号:R284文献标识码:Adoi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2018.08.049

    甲壳素又称甲壳质、几丁质,属于氨基多糖,被誉为“人类第六生命要素”,是自然界中一种带正电荷的天然高分子材料,因具有良好的吸湿性、生物降解性、无不良反应以及不污染环境等诸多优良特性,近几年被广泛应用在环保工业、纺织工业、医药保健行业、食品工业、农林业等方面[15]。

    甲壳素广泛存在于低等植物菌类、藻类的细胞,节肢动物虾、蟹、蝇蛆和昆虫的外壳,高等植物的细胞壁中[6]。因来源不同,其甲壳素的含量也不同。据报道:虾壳中含量为20%~25%,蟹壳中的含量为15%~18%,昆虫原表皮层中的含量为25%~60%[7]等。

    目前市场上的甲壳素获得主要是以虾壳和蟹壳为原料来提取制备。以虾蟹为原料,资源成本高,且甲壳素含量低、灰分含量高,提取物中的重金属难以脱除,同时其生产受到地域性和季节性的限制较大[811],因此,寻找及开发新的甲壳素资源具有重要意义。据报道,白星花金龟虫体中甲壳素含量达233%[12]。因其作为害虫在农田中分布广泛[13],比较容易获得,且相关的研究报道较少,故我们以白星花金龟为研究对象,主要研究从其成虫体中提取甲壳素的一种酸碱法的优化工艺,旨在为获取新的甲壳素资源提供参考。

    1材料

    11试药

    白星花金龟成虫:采自新疆昌吉市周边乡镇;柠檬酸:食品级,郑州中天实验仪器有限公司,生产批号:160508;氢氧化钠:分析纯,上海恒远生物科技有限公司,生产批号:160316;过氧化氢,草酸,高锰酸钾,乙醇,碘碘化钾,浓硫酸,以上试剂均为分析纯。, 百拇医药(李小万 王萍莉)
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