XU Guan-Sun1, SUN Yong1, WANG Zheng-Jiu2, ZHANG Dao-Qin1 and Gu Xin-Jie1 Original Articles 世界华人消化杂志 1998 0 6 1
关键词： 期刊 sjhrxhzz 0 研究原著 fur -->
Subject headings electroacupuncture; gastric mucosal; electrophysiology; potentiometry; stress
Abstract
AIM To explore the regulating effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on gastric mucosal
blood flow (GMBF) and transmucosal electric potential difference (PD) in stress rats.
METHODS The experimental Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups:
control group, stress group, stress plus EA and EA plus stress groups. The EA groups
were subdivided into Zusanli (ST-36,足三里) and Yanglingquan (B-34, 阳陵泉) groups.
GMBF was measured by hydrogen gas clearance method and PD by modified Ag-AgCl
electrode direct measurement method. The extent of gastric mucosal damage was evaluated
according to the Guth exponential method. Bilateral Zusanli and Yanglingquan were points
chosen for electroacupuncture.
RESULTS In the stress group, the mean value of GMBF and PD decreased significantly
as compared with those of the control group (P<0.01). In the EA at Zusanli plus stress and
stress plus EA at Zusanli groups, the two parameters were significantly higher than those in
the stress group (P<0.01). It suggested a tendency toward restoration of damaged gastric
mucosal histology.
CONCLUSION EA at Zusanli point evidently promoted the GMBF and PD, and played
an important role in the protection against gastric mucosal damage.
INTRODUCTION Zusanli is an important acupuncture point along Zuyangming(足阳明)
gastric meridian[1,2] . Domestic studies showed that EA at Zusanli point may regulate the
mobility and secretory functions of gastrointestinal tract, and promote ulcer healing. The
effects of EA at Zusanli are bidirectional. In this study we used GMBF and PD as parameters,
and observed the EA protective effect on gastric mucosal damage.
MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals and apparatus Adult and healthy Wistar rats
were provided by the animal house of the Acupuncture and Moxibustion Institute of Anhui
TCM College. The weight ranged from 150 g to 250 g. They were fasted for 12 h but with
free access to water before the trial. PCE-2 program control electroacupuncture-meter, JXY
intellectual model of histologic blood flow-meter and Ag-AgCl electrode direct measurement
system were used for GMBF and PD measurement.
Experimental methods The restrain-cold stress method[3] was used for ma-king the
gastric mucosal lesion model. Animals were restrained on the grille and placed in a refrigerator
at 4℃ for 2.5 h. Then urethane (50% w/v) was injected intraperitoneally (1.1 g/kg).
The animals were randomly divided into six groups: control group, stress group, EA plus
stress and stress plus EA group. EA groups were subdivi-ded into Zusanli and Yanglingquan
on Zushaoyang(足少阳) gall bladder meridian groups. The EA parameters were 20Hz for
30min in terms of slight shivering of limbs.
Guth exponential method[4] with minor modification was adopted to assess the lesional
index in gastric mucosa: necrotic spot is scored as one, damaged 1 mm as 2, between 2
and 4 mm as 4, and exceeding 4 mm as 5.
Gastric mucosal blood flow measurement The animals were anaesthetized with
urethane (50% w/v) and the stomach was exposed. Hydrogen gas clearance method[5]
was used for GMBF measurement. The measuring electrode (platinum filament) was
inserted into the gastric mucosal layer (approximately 2 mm) in an acute degree and
fixed on the gastric corpus with stitch needle to avoid damage of small vessels, and
reference electrode was placed beneath the incision. The animals inhaled 10% hydrogen
gas for 15 sec. Clearance curves were depicted and repeated every 30min for three
times. According to Kety′s theoretical formula, the values of GMBF (ml/min·100 g)
were printed by a computer.
Measurement of potential difference PD was measured by the slightly modified
Ag-AgCl electrode direct measurement method[6] . Efficient electrode was placed
on the mucosal layer, reference electrode on serosa and the potential difference (mv)
between gastric mucosa and serosa was read. Statistical analysis was made by Student′s t test.
RESULTS The data obtained in this study are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 The effects of EA on lesional index (LI), GMBF and PD in cold
stress-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats | Groups | n | LI | GMBF(ml/min·100 g) | PD(mv) | | Control | 8 | 0 | 75.7±20.0 | -20.76±4.02 | | Stress | 8 | 41.2±11.0b | 38.6±18.5b | -12.91±3.44b | | Zusanli stress plus EA | 8 | 23.3±10.4d | 80.4±20.7d | -15.16±3.21d | | EA plus stress | 8 | 20.8±9.2d | 82.8±23d | -16.02±3.73d | | Yanglingquan stress plus EA | 8 | 32.4±9.8a | 62.3±21.2a | -14.04±2.97a | | EA plus stress | 8 | 30.5±10.6a | 54.1±25.6a | -14.31±3.68a | b P<0.01, stress versus control; d P<0.01, EA at Zusanli versus stress; a P<0.05, EA at
Yanglingquan versus stress.
In stress group (n=8), the mean value of PD was 12.91 mv±3.44 mv and that of GMBF,
38.6 ml/min·100 g±18.5 ml/min·100 g; while in the control group, the mean value of PD in
8 cases was -20.76 mv±4.02 mv and that of GMBF, 75.7 ml/min·100 g±20.0 ml/min·100 g.
The difference of PD between the former and the latter was significant (P<0.01), so was the
GMBF. This striking difference was correlated with the lesional index of gastric mucosa in
stress and control groups.
In stress plus EA at Zusanli, the mean value of PD in 8 cases was 15.16 mv±3.12 mv and
that of GMBF 80.4 ml/min·100 g±20.7 ml/min·100 g, and in EA at Zusanli plus stress group,
16.02 mv±3.73 mv and 82.8 ml/min ·100 g±23.0 ml/min·100 g respectively; the mean values
of PD and GMBF respectively were apparently higher in the two groups than those in stress
group (P<0.01). And so were EA at Yanglingquan group. These data showed that the
changes of PD and GMBF were associated with EA. And the effect of EA at Zusanli was
more apparent than that of EA at Yanglingquan. This might explain why Zusanli point was
chosen for treating the gastric ailment clinically.
DISCUSSION The pathogenetic mechanism of peptic ulcer is still unclear. Shay suggested
“Scale theory”—inbalance between the aggressive and protective factors[7] . GMBF is
important to protect the gastric mucosal against damage. It can carry away timely H+ that
would diffuse back into the gastric mucosa and cause damages, and provide nutrients for the
epithelial cells. GMBF is of great significance to the integrity of structure and function of gastric mucosa.
Stress may cause ischemia of gastric mucosa, and raise the circulatory level of catecholamine
(CA), that causes spasm of gastric mucosal vessel arteriovenous short-circuit, resulting further
in ischemia of gastric mucosa and increment of capillary permeability along with subsequent
edema, necrosis, erosion and ulceration.
EA can adjust blood flow[8] . GMBF in this study treated with EA in rats is significantly
higher than that in stress group. Improvement of GMBF is related to release of endothelium-
derived relaxing factor (EDRF)—nitric oxide (NO)[9] , and vasoactive intestine peptide
(VIP), prostaglandins (PGs) and growth factors (GF)[10] .
PD is a sensitive parameter reflecting the intactness of gastric mucosa[11,12] . It is formed
from and dependent on the ionic concentration gradient of Cl- , Na+ , K+ , H+ , and the
impedance of membranous structure. PD is paralleled to the extent of gastric mucosal
damage[13] . Adequate GMBF is very important to maintain the intactness of gastric
mucosa. The mean value of PD measured in damaged gastric mucosa treated with EA
at Zusanli compared with that in stress group rose significantly (P<0.01), which showed
that gastric mucosal damage treated with EA has a tendency toward resortation, as reflected
by the lesional indexes.
In regard to the mechanism of the protection of EA against injured gastric mucosa, it is
assumed that the signals of EA along spinal cord reaches the dorsal motor nucleus of
the vague (DMNV), which integrated into other signals (e.g. the afferent signals of
stomach, the descending signals of central nervous system and so on)[14] . The
efferent signal along the vagi reaches stomach and activates gastric mucosal cells to
synthesize and release active substances that regulate the gastric functions.
Department of Physiology, the Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui College
of TCM, Hefei 230038, Anhui Province, ChinaDr. XU Guan-Sun, Male, born on
1940-06-10, in Shanghai, graduated from Department of Physiology, Fudan University
as bachelor in 1962, Professor of physiology majoring gastroenterology, having 108
papers and 12 books published.
* Suported by the National Climbing Project of China (JL-93012).
Correspondence to: Dr. XU Guan-Sun, Department of Physiology, Institute of Acupuncture
and Meridian, Anhui College of TCM, Meishanlu, Hefei 230038, Anhui Province, China
Tel. +86·551·2823237
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Received 1996-11-20 Revised 1997-01-06
(XU Guan-Sun1, SUN Yong1, WANG Zheng-Jiu2, ZHANG Dao-Qin1 and Gu Xin-Jie1)
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